A Guide To Managing And Understanding Anxiety
Anxiety is a normal emotional response to actual or perceived stress and danger. However, when it becomes persistent and overwhelming, it can interfere with daily life. As a psychologist, I often work with clients of all ages who experience anxiety in various forms and at differing intensities. Whether you're an adult dealing with pressures from work, relationships, or health, or a child or adolescent navigating the complexities of school and social dynamics, understanding and managing anxiety is key to living a balanced, healthy life.
Anxiety is more than just feeling worried or nervous. It involves the body’s natural "fight or flight" response to real or imagined threats, often triggering physical symptoms such as a rapid heart rate, shallow breathing, tingling sensations, and a surge of adrenaline. While anxiety can be beneficial—and even necessary—in situations that require focus or caution, it becomes problematic when the response is disproportionate, chronic, or intrusive in everyday life.
Common Causes and Symptoms of Anxiety in Adults
Typical causes of anxiety in adults include work-related stress, health concerns, relationship difficulties, financial pressures, trauma, and bereavement. Symptoms can manifest across four key areas:
Physical: Rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, dizziness, or digestive issues.
Emotional: Feelings of dread, excessive worry, irritability, catastrophising, or a sense of impending doom.
Cognitive: Difficulty concentrating, racing thoughts, or trouble making decisions.
Behavioural: Avoidance of certain situations or places, restlessness, or increased use of substances such as alcohol or drugs.
Anxiety in Children and Adolescents
Anxiety is equally common in children and adolescents, though it may present differently. Young people often lack the vocabulary or self-awareness to articulate what they are experiencing, which can make it harder for parents or caregivers to recognise the signs.
Common triggers in younger age groups include academic pressure, family changes, social challenges, distressing events, and separation anxiety.
Symptoms may include:
Physical: Frequent stomach aches, headaches, or fatigue without a clear medical cause.
Emotional: Irritability, excessive crying, or frequent tantrums.
Behavioural: Reluctance or refusal to attend school, avoidance of social activities, or clinginess.
Cognitive: Fear of the unknown, persistent worry about future events, or difficulty focusing.
When to Seek Help
For both adults and children, anxiety can sometimes become overwhelming. If anxiety is significantly impacting daily life—for you or your child—it’s important to seek professional support. Treatment often involves therapy, medication, or a combination of both. Psychologists can use various therapeutic interventions tailored to the individual, while medication may serve as a helpful complement. A healthcare professional can guide you towards the most suitable course of action.
A Final Word
Anxiety is a natural and common part of life, and when experienced in moderation, it can be useful—even protective. However, when it becomes chronic or unmanageable, taking proactive steps to address it is essential. By understanding its causes, recognising the signs early, and using effective strategies, both adults and children can manage anxiety and enhance their overall quality of life.
If you or someone you care about is struggling with anxiety, don’t hesitate to reach out for help. There is no shame in seeking support—taking that first step is often the most important one on the path to recovery.
